Geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and the atmosphere
The water cycle
Different ways of separating mixtures
Friction and force
5/20/22 Study notes - Quiz on Monday 5/23 Notes from today NOTES Page 226 Precipitation
Most rain in the USA starts out as snow
The temp of the air high above the ground is often below 0 degrees C
Clouds of ice crystals form in the cold air
The ice crystals grow larger until the start to fall as snowflakes
If the ice crystal falls through air that is warmer than 0 degrees c it will melt into rain
If it passes through warm air then the air near the ground is cold – it could turn to sleet
Hail is when the winds blow the ice crystals upward through the cloud up into the freezing air at the top of the cloud – again and again until it’s too heavy and it falls as hail.
NOTES page 228 - 229 Cirrus clouds
High level clouds
More than 6 km above the ground
Thin wispy and white
The sun can easily penetrate these clouds
Cumulonimbus
Clouds that grow vertically and have rising air inside them
The bases of the clouds may be as low as 1 km above the ground
The rising air may push the tops of these clouds higher than 12 km
These clouds can cause thunderstorms
Altocumulus
Mid level clouds
Between 2 km and 7 km
Look like small puffy balls
Bottoms of these clouds may look dark because the sunlight may not reach them
Stratus
Low level clouds
Less than 2 km above the ground
Cover the whole sky
Look dark because little sunlight get through the layer of clouds
Fog
A cloud that is on the ground
As air near the ground cools – water vapor condenses into tiny droplets and forms a cloud at or near the ground
NOTES cont Clouds
Sometimes many types of clouds may appear at the same time in the sky
Clouds also interact with landforms
Water from large bodies of water like oceans evaporate and condenses to form clouds
Tall mountains push the clouds up higher into the atmosphere where the cloud cools
Clouds can hold less moisture at lower temp
So as the clouds rise, they release their moisture as precipitations.
This explains why there is snow on top of many mountains
5/13/22 Study Notes
5/11/22 Study Notes - Quiz on Friday Ch 5 sec 3
NOTES page 221 Water in the Atmosphere
The three factors for determining weather are humidity, clouds, and precipitation.
Humidity = the amount of water vapor in the air.
The particles of water vapor in the air are too small to be visible, cut when conditions are right they can come together to form small water droplets and ice crystals.
These droplets and crystals are bigger than the vapor particles and can reflect light from the sun
That is when they form a cloud
When the droplets and crystals get large enough they can fall to the ground as precipitation.
Circulation
Winds follow large scale patterns over the continents and the ocean
These patterns are determined by difference in temperature and pressure in different parts of the atmosphere
Large scale patterns of air movement is called Circulation
An example of circulation = a fan
A fan circulates the cool air or the warm air around the room
Trade Winds
Persistent pattern of winds that blow near the equator
The air above the equator becomes warm and rises – creating a low pressure zone
This warm air travels away from the equator cools down and sinks
Then it blows back toward the equator
5/4/22 Study Notes Temperature
Air temp affects weather.
Warm Air
Sun warms earth’s surface
Air near earth’s surface becomes warmer
As the air warms – its particles move farther apart.
As the particles move farther apart air pushes down with less pressure.
Warm air rises
Causing an area of low pressure to form
Air form areas with higher pressure rushes in
Cool air
As air near earth surface cools
The particles in the air become more closely packed
This denser cooler air pushes down with more pressure
Ans area of high pressure forms
Air from this area flows into lower pressure areas.
Wind
Wind is the air movement caused by difference in pressure.
In general air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
Example A balloon- when you let air out of a balloon air rushes from inside toe balloon where pressure is higher to were pressure is lower – the outside of the balloon. You can feel the wind coming out of the balloon.
Wind speed and direction affect weather.
Local weather can be affected by special winds called jet streams
Jet Stream
Jet Stream = is a narrow band of high speed wind
Polar jet streams blows from west to east high in the atmosphere ove North America.
The jet stream affects day to day weather and seasons.
In winter the jet stream can bring cold air from the north to state as far south as Kentucky
In the summer it can bring warm air into Canada
Winds interact with landforms like mountain ranges
Mountains force the air to rise upward and cool
Clouds form in the cooler air and release precipitation
This causes wet weather on the side of the mountain facing the wind
As the air passes over the opposite side of the mountain it sinks and absorbs moisture.
This cause this side of the mountain to be drier
5/3/22 - Study Notes NOTES page 217 Weather
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, including its temperature, wind speed and direction, air pressure, moisture, amount of rain or snow and other factors.
Meteorologists study and predict weather.
They collect data from many tools to tell about the weather today and to predict future weather.
Almost all of the data they use are collected automatically at weather observation stations.
Knowing and predicting weather is important for planning all sort of activities including farming, fishing and outdoor fun.
Barometric Pressure
There is about 6000 miles of air = our atmosphere
Air has mass and takes up space – air is matter
Air
¾ nitrogen
Rest mostly oxygen
Small amounts of carbon dioxide gas
Water vapor is in atmosphere closest to earth
Water Vapor
Amount of water vapor depends on time and place
Over ocean and forest = more water vapor
Over a desert – less water vapor
Gravity pulls the mass of air in the atmosphere toward Earth’s surface
Barometric Pressure
The pushing force of the atmosphere is called Barometric Pressure.
Air pushes in equal force in all directions.
Air pushing down is balanced by air pushing up and sideways.
Air pressure decreases as you go higher in the atmosphere.
4/27/22 NOTES Lithosphere
The solid rocky outer layer of earth
Rocks,
Soils
Minerals
It covers the surface of the earth
It is also the ocean floors
Averages about 100 kilometers thick (the distance to earths center is 6400 kilometers)
Biosphere
All living things
It extends to about 10 kilometers above the earhts surface to about 10 kilometers below the surface of the oceans.
All living things share resources
Air
Water
light
4/26/22 - today we went over our notes from Chapter 5 section 2 See below. Today we read page 213 and page 214
NOTES Hydrosphere
All the waters of the earth make up the hydrosphere
The hydrosphere covers almost ¾ of the earth
Most of the hydrosphere is oceans
Pacific is the largest
Atlantic
Indian
Southern
Arctic
All the oceans are connected
The rest of the water is mostly fresh water
Lakes,
Rivers
Streams
Glaciers
Groundwater
= rain or melted snow that soaks into the ground
Fresh water is not evenly spread out over the earth. Some places have more fresh water than other places do
There is only 3% fresh water on earth and part of that is frozen in the glazers.
4/25/22 - We took a quiz on the water cycle. finished the water cycle lab on page 198 Read and did pages 210 - 212
NOTES from page 211 Earth as a system
Earth’s system is made up of four parts called spheres
Air
Water
Land
Living things
These spheres interact with each other and overlap
Ex volcano erupting – spews gas and ash into the air
Atmosphere
The atmosphere is made up of water vapor, nitrogen, oxygen, cardon dioxide , and particles of matter such as dust.
Oxygen and nitrogen are the main gases
There is just a little bit of carbon dioxide
The atmosphere surrounds Earth’s surface
It is essential for life on earth
No other planet in the solar system has a life sustaining atmosphere.
It holds in heat from the sun
And keeps out too much damaging rays from the sun
4/20/22 - Study for a quiz on the water cycle
4/4/22 - 4/7/22 - no homework - Living Stations!!
4/1/22 -No Homework - No April Fools - Really no Homework!
3/31/22 Study for test Know vocab page 181-184 Study quizzes Know the cross section of a leaf page 153 know the formula of photosynthesis page 154 know the formula for cellular respiration page 156 know how the two are connected know producers, consumers, and decomposers know how to draw a food web p163 know symbiosis page 165 know about nonnative species know how humans help and harm the environment - from the book.
3/29/22 - Test on Friday - Chapter 4 3/29/22 - complete worksheet given out today - it's a test review We also made bird feeders today - make sure they get put outside and don't stay in your school bags!
3/28/22 - start studying notes for test on Friday 3/28/22 - Test on Chapter 4 on Friday 4/1/22
3/16/22 - We visited the Star lab with week We are working on a lab on biodegradable substances in school And finishing up the chapter on the ecosystem No homework
This is a test grade. You will be creating an ecosystem on a poster board. Your poster must display the following information.
The name of the ecosystem - Pick one
Backyard
Ocean
River
Desert
Forest
Grassland
Living things in that ecosystem
Nonliving things in that ecosystem
Changes that your ecosystem goes through and what causes that change
Producers, consumers and decomposers of the ecosystem and
whether the consumers are carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores.
Examples of food chains and food webs
Any other information about your ecosystem that you believe to be important.
Example pictures/photos of your ecosystem – can be drawn or printed.
Everything must be clearly, neatly labeled.
You will have two class periods to complete this project.
2/23/22 study for quiz. Ch 4 lesson 2
2/16/22 - study notes and re-read pages
2/11/22 study notes for a quiz on Tuesday
2/8/22 draw, color and label the inside of the leaf where photosynthesis happens form page 155 in your copybook
2/7/22 in your copybooks draw, label, and color the layers of a leaf
2/2/22 - No Homework
2/1/22 - CSW Student Appreciation - No Homework
1/28/22 - study for a test on Ch 3 - study the four quizzes I gave back today and went over with you.
1/26/22 - Butterfly worksheet - for a quiz grade - please make sure you color it. Picture, words and color.
Tentative test on Chapter 3 scheduled for Monday 1/31/22
1/21/22 study notes - remember your plant lab - make sure your leaf adaptation lab is complete. Read and do pages 124-125
1/18/22 answer questions on page 121-123
1/13/22 - make sure you are working on your plant lab and make sure your adaptation lab is complete
1/11/22 - write the hypothesis for your lab
1/7/22 Study notes for quiz on Monday Ch 3 sec 2
Happy New Year 2022
1/4/22 - study notes
1/3/22 - No homework - but Quiz on chapter 3 sec 2 on Friday
12/20 - January 2, 2022 - No Homework Merry Christmas and Happy New Year
12/17/21 - no homework
12/15/21 Homework - find the definitions of the vocab words
Exoskeleton Spiracles Stomata
12/15/21 Study and finish notes Quiz on Friday
NOTES page 109 – 110 Physical structure
All living organisms have structures that help them grow, get energy and stgay healthy.
Sometimes structures can be very similar even though the organisms are different.
Ex bark of a tree peels so the tree can grow
Snake skin sheds so the snake can grow
Physical structures can be very different even if they do similar jobs.
Ex animal egg is very delicate and it protects the new living thing
Seeds are very hard and they protect the new living thing
Structures for support
Internal skeleton vs exoskeletons
Internal skeleton
Are on the inside
supports the body and
protects organs such as brain and heart
Exoskeletons
are outside their bodies
give structure
and protection
but need to be shed to grow
plants have stems instead of skeletons for support and to stretch to the sunlight
NOTES page 111 – 113 Structures for Reproduction
Reproduction is when living things make other living things similar to themselves.
Many plants reproduce using flower and pollen
Pollen is taken from one flower to another of the same flower
Then the flower becomes fertilized and begins to grow a seed
The seed will have
a protective covering
and a source of nutrition.
Animals reproduce in different ways
Fish
Lay eggs underwater rocks then the male fertilizes the eggs.
The fish then grows inside the egg
The egg has a source of nutrition and a protective cover
Mammals
Males have structures to fertilize eggs within the body of the female.
Words to know for a flower
Stamen – holds and releases the pollen
Pistil – receives the pollen from another flower
Pollen tube – grows from the pollen grain, the sperm cell travels down the tube
Ovary – holds the egg cell
Sperm cell – from the other flower reaches the egg after it goes down the pollen tube and fertilized the egg
Fertilized egg grows into a seed.
Structures for respiration and circulation
In order to live plants and animal need to exchange gases with their environments.
Animals such as turtles and humans take in air through the mouth or nose and breathe using lungs
Insects take air in through spiracles (holes in the insects body)
Fish take oxygen from water through their gills
Three ways to take in oxygen is lungs, spiracles and gills
Spiracles often allows oxygen to go directly to body tissue
Lungs and gills oxygen enters the animal and is transported through a circulatory system to the body’s cells
Plants
Have structures similar to spiracles on insects called stomata
Stomata is located on the leaves
Stomata helps with photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide form the air enters the plant through the stomata
Photosynthesis = the plant uses energy from the sun and carbon dioxide to make sugar or food for the plant.
Oxygen is also produced and exits through the stomata
Circulatory system in plants
Vascular plants = plants with a circulatory system.
It is similar to human blood vessels
Plants use the vascular system to transport sugar made in the leaves during photosynthesis to the roots for storage.
12/14/21 - no class today - Quiz on Friday Ch 3 sec 1
12/14/21 - the plant lab should have come home yesterday. The students need to water and measure the growth of the seeds once a week and keep track of the data in the back of their science copybooks. 5th grade Plant Lab
Name: Date: 12/10/21 Due date 2/14/22 Title – Growth of Seeds in Different Temperatures Question – Does temperature affect seed growth? Hypothesis – If I put a plant in a warm sunny spot Then it will grow quicker than a plant that is put in a cooler spot. Materials
2 Cups
Dirt
4 Seeds
Water
labels
Sunlight
Warmth
Cool area
ruler
Notebook
Pen
Procedure
Gather materials
Label the cups with your name and
Warm
Cool
Put dirt into each cup – ¾ of the way full
Add two seeds to each cup
Cover the seeds up with dirt
Add a bit of water
Place in bag to take home
Put one cup in a warm sunny place
Put the other cup in a cool sunny place – like a basement or refrigerator
Each Saturday water the seeds
Each Saturday measure the seeds growth
Record the growth under results – label with the date you took the measurement
Repeat each week until Feb 14
Finish lab
Results Measure the growth of the seeds and water once a week. Keep all data here under results. Dec 14 cool warm Dec 18 Cool warm Dec 25 Jan 1 Jan 8 Jan 15 Jan 22 Jan 29 Feb 5 Feb 12 Conclusion: My hypothesis was correct/incorrect – why – scientifically why Question for next time
12/10/21 - write the procedure for the plant lab in your copybooks
12/6/21 - study test, quizzes, and notes for a test toorrow on Chapter 2.
12/3/21 - Study notes and worksheets for test on Chapter 2 on Tuesday 12/7 We did not review the test from Chapter 2 sec 1 - 2 yet - we will do that on Monday.
Week of 11/29/21
Test Monday 11/29/21 on Chapter 2 sec 1-2 Then finishing Chapter 2 on forces and shadows. Quiz on Chapter 2 section 3 on Wednesday Test on all of Chapter 2 on Monday 12/6
9/27/21 - Study vocabulary and notes
Test on Chapter 1 sec 1-3 on Friday 10/1/21
9/23/21 - We are working on the Scientific Method and doing labs in the classroom. Their labs will be kept in the back of their copybook and will be a test grade. I am giving out an example of what the lab we just did should look like. Then we will do one more lab - just to get the Scientific Method down and then back to matter. The properties of Matter.
Homework - finish lab, study vocab and notes
What's the Matter? No, what is Matter - That is our first lesson! We will be doing experiments, but we will need supplies. I will email you our needs when we get ready to do an experiment. Homework - Look over notes and study vocab each night :)
Matter = all living and nonliving things are made of matter. Matter is anythingthat has mass and takes up space.
Everything is matter and matter is made up of elements so everything is elements.
Elements = are the ingredients that make up all the other substances.
Elements cannot be broken down onto other substances with ordinary physical or chemical processes.
There are over 100 elements
Most elements are metals
The properties of metals are – they are good conductors of electricity and heat and they can be shaped into sheets or wires that can bend without breaking.
Most metals are solids and have gray color. Smooth metal surfaces can reflect light.
Other examples of metal are calcium, aluminum and mercury
Some elements are non-metals
These elements do not conduct heat or electricity
Some are gases. One example of a gases is oxygen
Some are solid. One example is carbon.
Some Elements are semi-metals
Are sometime like metals and sometimes like non-metals
For example they may conduct electricity but only when light is shining on them
One example is silicon
ATOMS
Atoms = smallest part of an element that still has the properties of the element.
Atom is made of
PROTONS
NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS
The number of protons determines what element an atom will be
Atomic Theory = all substance are made of elements and all elements are made of atoms, all the matter around you is made of atoms The idea of Atomic Theory is that everything is made of small particles. Atomic Arrangement = the way atoms are connected affects the properties of an element
Example – when carbon atoms are connected as flat sheets = soft and black = the graphite in your pencil. When carbon atoms are connected as pyramids they form diamonds = transparent and hard
Compound = a type of matter made of two or more elements. When elements come together they form a compound, the compound is not simply a mixture of the elements, it is a new substance. It is different from its ingredients.
Ex Table salt.
Molecule = smalls particle of a compound that still has the properties of that compound,
Example the smallest particle of water is a water molecule.
Changing the number, kind or position of the atoms in a molecule would result in a molecule of a different substance
Example – if you add another oxygen to H2O it is no longer water
9/10/21 In your science copybooks - Write a paragraph about one or more of the elements from page 10 and 11 in your science book. The paragraph should include a brief description of the element as well as a description of how it is used or what it is used in. Due Monday